Science based conservation - Revision history

https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Science_based_conservation Science based conservation - Revision history 2026-05-06T15:56:15Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.42.1 https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2740&oldid=prev Camilo at 10:27, 21 January 2025 2025-01-21T10:27:29Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:27, 21 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11">Line 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to cut 1 and call Gjoa Haven to see what they expect from your contributions if you would center an academic article around their experiences. </span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to cut 1 and call Gjoa Haven to see what they expect from your contributions if you would center an academic article around their experiences. </span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Cut 1: Voices of Thunder]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Return to </ins>Cut 1: Voices of Thunder]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Camilo https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2143&oldid=prev Camilo at 20:07, 13 January 2025 2025-01-13T20:07:09Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:07, 13 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and a categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Instead, the classic concept of data, produced within the apparatus of science-based conservation that dominate government polar bear monitoring efforts, always materializes as an ontologically exclusive category that remains limited to western anthropocentrism. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and a categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Instead, the classic concept of data, produced within the apparatus of science-based conservation that dominate government polar bear monitoring efforts, always materializes as an ontologically exclusive category that remains limited to western anthropocentrism. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">span </del>class="next_choice"> After exploring this wrecksite you gained a better understanding of the different ways of knowing that are involved with polar bear conservation, management and monitoring - both internationally and in Nunavut. You suspect that the knowledge people in Gjoa haven might have on polar bears, did not play a significant role in the decisions around the McClintock Channel PBMU moratorium on polar bear hunting when it was set in 2001. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">div </ins>class="next_choice"> After exploring this wrecksite you gained a better understanding of the different ways of knowing that are involved with polar bear conservation, management and monitoring - both internationally and in Nunavut. You suspect that the knowledge people in Gjoa haven might have on polar bears, did not play a significant role in the decisions around the McClintock Channel PBMU moratorium on polar bear hunting when it was set in 2001. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to cut 1 and call Gjoa Haven to see what they expect from your contributions if you would center an academic article around their experiences. </span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to cut 1 and call Gjoa Haven to see what they expect from your contributions if you would center an academic article around their experiences. </span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Cut 1: Voices of Thunder]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Cut 1: Voices of Thunder]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Camilo https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2018&oldid=prev Saskia at 18:50, 12 January 2025 2025-01-12T18:50:43Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:50, 12 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:The wrecksite.png|thumb]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:The wrecksite.png|thumb]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Scientists committed to the conservation of wildlife in the 1960s were so convinced of the authority of their science as objective </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">superior to other modes of knowing</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that they were blinded </del>to the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">assimilationist</del>- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Kulchyski </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tester 2007), modernization- (Worster, 1994 ; Loo, 2006) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neo-colonialist ideologies (Campbell, 2004) that tainted their policy recommendations</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The sense of urgency leading </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">signing </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1973 international agreement on the conservation of polar bears, was for example based on worries about presumed overhunting of polar bears by Inuit reported in the 1960s (Schweinsburg 1981 </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Stirling, 1986), and the lack of overall knowledge on </del>polar bear <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">population dynamics which made it impossible for nation-states to manage harvesting in a way that would ensure ‘intelligent </del>conservation <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the resource’ (Fisheries, 1966 p.7)</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">You have found a "Wrecksite". Here </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">there</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"shipwrecks" will manifest themselves. They gesture </ins>to the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">apparatuses that produce conditions under which some phenomena can exists within polar bear monitoring, my research and this knowledge-land-scape</ins>- and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">others cannot. Different shipwrecks gesture to different possibilities </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">futurities</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This one allows you </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">think with </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">im/possibilities that western science produces </ins>in polar bear conservation. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Relevant here are the notions that the intervention of management-oriented research was considered ‘necessary’ for the species to survive (Jonkel, 1970)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and that ‘’intelligent’’ </del>conservation <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">requires representative </del>data<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, in turn legitimizing the methodological approaches, like tranquilizing polar bears, that wildlife biologists took to gain ‘direct access to nature’ </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Schreiber</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013 p</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">159</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Science's claim </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a ‘’truthful’’ account </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">population numbers</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">distribution</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">movement</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evolutionary history </del>of polar <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bears</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of course</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">presupposed </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">position </del>of the transcendent <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">researcher as </del>an <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">objective and rational </del>observer<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. This positioning played, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">continues to play, an important part when it comes </del>to the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">self-legitimization </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">western-sciences within polar bear co-management and monitoring </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See for example Vongraven </del>et al., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018</del>). </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">International polar bear conservation</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is conducted ‘in accordance with sound </ins>conservation <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">practices based on the best available scientific </ins>data <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">available’ </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lentfer</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1974)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Within such a (western formulated</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paradigm ‘data’ becomes the widely accepted epistemological unit through which material reality can be reduced </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quantifiable bits </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">information that can be measured</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">interpreted</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">described</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">represented. This is the kind </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data that the Government of Nunavut collects through their large scale monitoring surveys per Polar Bear Management Unit every 10 years, which then feeds into the </ins>polar <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bear co-management process. Such a reductionist approach to conservation management</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dominated by survey data</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider conservation and ‘knowing’ to be inseparable from </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">complex relations and practices through which the knowledge was produced. Such relational cosmologies are what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous peoples, are ways </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">knowing that do not provide for </ins>the transcendent <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">perspectives of </ins>an <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">external </ins>observer <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that allows for claiming "truth" beyond its particular relational context- </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are therefore resistant </ins>to the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reductionism </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">‘data’ </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ostern </ins>et al., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2021</ins>).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even if the positivist notions of absolute truth has nowadays in the western natural sciences mostly been replaced by post-positivism</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it has retained the exceptionalist positioning </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the human -</del>as an <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">outside observer rather than as part of nature. Under post</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positivist realism the material world can</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in theory, be fully knowable by humans through accurate scientific observation, measurement </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">prediction.The legitimacy of research within post</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positivist disciplines like the natural sciences is determined by how accurately the particular choice and application of scientific methods </del>can be <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">deemed </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">capture and represent such underlying</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">material reality </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the object under inquiry (Creswell</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014). Within such a paradigm ‘data’ becomes </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">widely accepted epistemological unit through which material reality can be reduced to quantifiable bits </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">information </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can be interpreted</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">described, and represented outside of the context in which it was collected</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When these differences are not taken into account</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">they can lead to liberal interpretations </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">‘data’ </ins>as an <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">epistemologically neutral</ins>-, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a categorically</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inclusive term, that </ins>can be <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stretched </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fit multiple knowledge systems. Instead</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the classic concept </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produced within </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">apparatus </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science-based conservation </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dominate government polar bear monitoring efforts</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">always materializes as an ontologically exclusive category that remains limited to western anthropocentrism</ins>. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Such reductionism stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider ‘knowing’ to be entangled with ‘doing’ and as an event that’s inseparable from the complex relations in which </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">knowledge was produced. Such cosmologies are, due to their lack of subject/object separation, what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous sciences, are </del>ways of knowing that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">do not provide for the transcendent perspectives of an external observer- and </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">therefore resistant to the reductionism of ‘data’</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or the urge to claim insights beyond its particular relational context (Ostern et al., 2021). This difference is crucial. When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a categorically-inclusive term, </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can be stretched to fit multiple </del>knowledge <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">systems. Where it</del>, in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fact, materializes critically as an ontologically exclusive category that requires </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">strict separation between man and nature. A separation which generally does not exist </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">non-representative Indigenous cosmologies</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="next_choice"> After exploring this wrecksite you gained a better understanding of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different </ins>ways of knowing that are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">involved with polar bear conservation</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">management and monitoring </ins>- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both internationally </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in Nunavut. You suspect </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>knowledge <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">people in Gjoa haven might have on polar bears</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">did not play a significant role </ins>in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">decisions around the McClintock Channel PBMU moratorium on polar bear hunting when it was set </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2001</ins>. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="next_choice"> </del></span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Return to cut 1 and call Gjoa Haven to see what they expect from your contributions if you would center an academic article around their experiences. </ins></span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Return to </del>Cut 1: Voices of Thunder <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and call Gjoa Haven's HTA</del>]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Cut 1: Voices of Thunder]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2010&oldid=prev Saskia at 01:40, 12 January 2025 2025-01-12T01:40:37Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:40, 12 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2007&oldid=prev Saskia at 01:38, 12 January 2025 2025-01-12T01:38:32Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:38, 12 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Such reductionism stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider ‘knowing’ to be entangled with ‘doing’ and as an event that’s inseparable from the complex relations in which the knowledge was produced. Such cosmologies are, due to their lack of subject/object separation, what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous sciences, are ways of knowing that do not provide for the transcendent perspectives of an external observer- and are therefore resistant to the reductionism of ‘data’, or the urge to claim insights beyond its particular relational context (Ostern et al., 2021). This difference is crucial. When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and a categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Where it, in fact, materializes critically as an ontologically exclusive category that requires the strict separation between man and nature. A separation which generally does not exist in non-representative Indigenous cosmologies.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Such reductionism stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider ‘knowing’ to be entangled with ‘doing’ and as an event that’s inseparable from the complex relations in which the knowledge was produced. Such cosmologies are, due to their lack of subject/object separation, what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous sciences, are ways of knowing that do not provide for the transcendent perspectives of an external observer- and are therefore resistant to the reductionism of ‘data’, or the urge to claim insights beyond its particular relational context (Ostern et al., 2021). This difference is crucial. When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and a categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Where it, in fact, materializes critically as an ontologically exclusive category that requires the strict separation between man and nature. A separation which generally does not exist in non-representative Indigenous cosmologies.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="next_choice"> </span></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return to cut 1 link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2006&oldid=prev Saskia at 01:19, 12 January 2025 2025-01-12T01:19:59Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:19, 12 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:The wrecksite.png|thumb]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:The wrecksite.png|thumb]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Science-based wildlife management in the 1970’s was legitimized under the argument that such positivist Science was the only reliable source of knowledge- as well as the only rational base for managing hunting. Polar bear management in the Canadian Arctic was no exception to this (see Fisheries, 1966). ‘Scientific management’- coined as a term by Brunner and Lynch in 2010 refers to a processes of a top-down management paradigm, rooted in western modernization thinking that relies on administratively rational policies - in turn supported by predictive science (Brunner & Lynch, 2017). It’s an expert driven, hierarchical and bureaucratic doctrine that ends up re-producing the continued need for its own structures and knowledge systems, while potentially undermining Indigenous knowledge and governance systems (see also Clark et al., 2008). Indeed, scientists </del>committed to the conservation of wildlife in the 1960s were so convinced of the authority of their science as objective and superior to other modes of knowing, that they were blinded to the assimilationist- (Kulchyski and Tester 2007), modernization- (Worster, 1994 ; Loo, 2006) and neo-colonialist ideologies (Campbell, 2004) that tainted their policy recommendations. The sense of urgency leading to signing the 1973 international agreement on the conservation of polar bears, was for example based on worries about presumed overhunting of polar bears by Inuit reported in the 1960s (Schweinsburg 1981 in Stirling, 1986), and the lack of overall knowledge on polar bear population dynamics which made it impossible for nation-states to manage harvesting in a way that would ensure ‘intelligent conservation of the resource’ (Fisheries, 1966 p.7<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">). This historical narrative entails multiple cultural notions about conservation and research, that are overlooked when ‘’scientific data’’ as phrased in the 1973 agreement is considered to be a stretchable concept. Relevant here are the notions that the intervention of management-oriented research is ‘necessary’ for the species to survive (Jonkel, 1970), and the notion that ‘’intelligent’’ conservation requires representative data, in turn legitimizing the methodological approaches wildlife biologists took, like tranquilizing polar bears, to provide such ‘direct access to nature’ (Schreiber, 2013 p.159). This claim to nature; a ‘’truthful’’ account of population numbers, distribution, movement, and evolutionary history of polar bears, of course, presupposed the position of the transcendent researcher as an objective and rational observer. This positioning played, and continues to play, an important part in the coloniality of western sciences, when it comes to the self-legitimization of western-sciences within polar bear co-management and monitoring (See for example Vongraven et al., 2018</del>). </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Scientists </ins>committed to the conservation of wildlife in the 1960s were so convinced of the authority of their science as objective and superior to other modes of knowing, that they were blinded to the assimilationist- (Kulchyski and Tester 2007), modernization- (Worster, 1994 ; Loo, 2006) and neo-colonialist ideologies (Campbell, 2004) that tainted their policy recommendations. The sense of urgency leading to signing the 1973 international agreement on the conservation of polar bears, was for example based on worries about presumed overhunting of polar bears by Inuit reported in the 1960s (Schweinsburg 1981 in Stirling, 1986), and the lack of overall knowledge on polar bear population dynamics which made it impossible for nation-states to manage harvesting in a way that would ensure ‘intelligent conservation of the resource’ (Fisheries, 1966 p.7). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even if </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positivist </del>notions <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of absolute truth has nowadays in the western natural sciences mostly been replaced by post-positivism, it has retained </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">exceptionalist positioning </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the human </del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as an outside observer rather than as part of nature. Under post-positivist realism </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">material world can</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in theory</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">be fully knowable by humans through accurate scientific observation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">measurement and prediction. The existence of an underlying objectively knowable material reality is not questioned </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">such a post-positivist research paradigm</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it’s rather the accuracy of the scientific apparatus </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is susceptible </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective scrutiny. In other words the legitimacy of research within post-positivist disciplines like the natural sciences is determined by how accurately the particular choice and application of scientific methods can be deemed </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">capture and represent the underlying, material reality of the object under inquiry </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Creswell</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Within such </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paradigm ‘data’ becomes the widely accepted epistemological unit through which material reality can be reduced to quantifiable bits </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">information that can be interpreted</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">described</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">represented outside </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">context in which </del>it <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was collected</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Relevant here are </ins>the notions <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intervention </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">management</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">oriented research was considered ‘necessary’ for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">species to survive (Jonkel</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1970)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and that ‘’intelligent’’ conservation requires representative data</ins>, in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">turn legitimizing the methodological approaches, like tranquilizing polar bears</ins>, that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">wildlife biologists took </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gain ‘direct access </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nature’ </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Schreiber</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013 p.159</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Science's claim to </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">‘’truthful’’ account </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">population numbers, distribution</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">movement</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evolutionary history of polar bears, of course, presupposed the position </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transcendent researcher as an objective and rational observer. This positioning played, and continues to play, an important part when </ins>it <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comes to the self-legitimization of western-sciences within polar bear co-management and monitoring (See for example Vongraven et al., 2018)</ins>. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Such reductionism stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider ‘knowing’ to be entangled with ‘doing’ and as an event that’s inseparable from the complex relations in which the knowledge was produced. Such cosmologies are, due to their lack of subject/object separation, what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous sciences, are ways of knowing that do not provide for the transcendent perspectives of an external observer- and are therefore resistant to the reductionism of ‘data’, or the urge to claim insights beyond its particular relational context (Ostern et al., 2021). This difference is crucial. When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Where it, in fact, materializes critically as an ontologically exclusive category that requires the strict separation between man and nature. A separation which generally does not exist in non-representative Indigenous cosmologies.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even if the positivist notions of absolute truth has nowadays in the western natural sciences mostly been replaced by post-positivism, it has retained the exceptionalist positioning of the human -as an outside observer rather than as part of nature. Under post-positivist realism the material world can, in theory, be fully knowable by humans through accurate scientific observation, measurement and prediction.The legitimacy of research within post-positivist disciplines like the natural sciences is determined by how accurately the particular choice and application of scientific methods can be deemed to capture and represent such underlying, material reality of the object under inquiry (Creswell, 2014). Within such a paradigm ‘data’ becomes the widely accepted epistemological unit through which material reality can be reduced to quantifiable bits of information that can be interpreted, described, and represented outside of the context in which it was collected. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Such reductionism stands in stark contrast with many Indigenous cosmologies who consider ‘knowing’ to be entangled with ‘doing’ and as an event that’s inseparable from the complex relations in which the knowledge was produced. Such cosmologies are, due to their lack of subject/object separation, what make Indigenous research paradigms non-representative. Non-representative sciences, which include, but are not limited to Indigenous sciences, are ways of knowing that do not provide for the transcendent perspectives of an external observer- and are therefore resistant to the reductionism of ‘data’, or the urge to claim insights beyond its particular relational context (Ostern et al., 2021). This difference is crucial. When these differences are not taken into account, they can lead to liberal interpretations of ‘data’ as an epistemologically neutral-, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a </ins>categorically-inclusive term, that can be stretched to fit multiple knowledge systems. Where it, in fact, materializes critically as an ontologically exclusive category that requires the strict separation between man and nature. A separation which generally does not exist in non-representative Indigenous cosmologies.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=2003&oldid=prev Saskia at 00:53, 12 January 2025 2025-01-12T00:53:59Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:53, 12 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:The wrecksite.png|thumb]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Science-based wildlife management in the 1970’s was legitimized under the argument that such positivist Science was the only reliable source of knowledge- as well as the only rational base for managing hunting. Polar bear management in the Canadian Arctic was no exception to this (see Fisheries, 1966). ‘Scientific management’- coined as a term by Brunner and Lynch in 2010 refers to a processes of a top-down management paradigm, rooted in western modernization thinking that relies on administratively rational policies - in turn supported by predictive science (Brunner & Lynch, 2017). It’s an expert driven, hierarchical and bureaucratic doctrine that ends up re-producing the continued need for its own structures and knowledge systems, while potentially undermining Indigenous knowledge and governance systems (see also Clark et al., 2008). Indeed, scientists committed to the conservation of wildlife in the 1960s were so convinced of the authority of their science as objective and superior to other modes of knowing, that they were blinded to the assimilationist- (Kulchyski and Tester 2007), modernization- (Worster, 1994 ; Loo, 2006) and neo-colonialist ideologies (Campbell, 2004) that tainted their policy recommendations. The sense of urgency leading to signing the 1973 international agreement on the conservation of polar bears, was for example based on worries about presumed overhunting of polar bears by Inuit reported in the 1960s (Schweinsburg 1981 in Stirling, 1986), and the lack of overall knowledge on polar bear population dynamics which made it impossible for nation-states to manage harvesting in a way that would ensure ‘intelligent conservation of the resource’ (Fisheries, 1966 p.7). This historical narrative entails multiple cultural notions about conservation and research, that are overlooked when ‘’scientific data’’ as phrased in the 1973 agreement is considered to be a stretchable concept. Relevant here are the notions that the intervention of management-oriented research is ‘necessary’ for the species to survive (Jonkel, 1970), and the notion that ‘’intelligent’’ conservation requires representative data, in turn legitimizing the methodological approaches wildlife biologists took, like tranquilizing polar bears, to provide such ‘direct access to nature’ (Schreiber, 2013 p.159). This claim to nature; a ‘’truthful’’ account of population numbers, distribution, movement, and evolutionary history of polar bears, of course, presupposed the position of the transcendent researcher as an objective and rational observer. This positioning played, and continues to play, an important part in the coloniality of western sciences, when it comes to the self-legitimization of western-sciences within polar bear co-management and monitoring (See for example Vongraven et al., 2018). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Science-based wildlife management in the 1970’s was legitimized under the argument that such positivist Science was the only reliable source of knowledge- as well as the only rational base for managing hunting. Polar bear management in the Canadian Arctic was no exception to this (see Fisheries, 1966). ‘Scientific management’- coined as a term by Brunner and Lynch in 2010 refers to a processes of a top-down management paradigm, rooted in western modernization thinking that relies on administratively rational policies - in turn supported by predictive science (Brunner & Lynch, 2017). It’s an expert driven, hierarchical and bureaucratic doctrine that ends up re-producing the continued need for its own structures and knowledge systems, while potentially undermining Indigenous knowledge and governance systems (see also Clark et al., 2008). Indeed, scientists committed to the conservation of wildlife in the 1960s were so convinced of the authority of their science as objective and superior to other modes of knowing, that they were blinded to the assimilationist- (Kulchyski and Tester 2007), modernization- (Worster, 1994 ; Loo, 2006) and neo-colonialist ideologies (Campbell, 2004) that tainted their policy recommendations. The sense of urgency leading to signing the 1973 international agreement on the conservation of polar bears, was for example based on worries about presumed overhunting of polar bears by Inuit reported in the 1960s (Schweinsburg 1981 in Stirling, 1986), and the lack of overall knowledge on polar bear population dynamics which made it impossible for nation-states to manage harvesting in a way that would ensure ‘intelligent conservation of the resource’ (Fisheries, 1966 p.7). This historical narrative entails multiple cultural notions about conservation and research, that are overlooked when ‘’scientific data’’ as phrased in the 1973 agreement is considered to be a stretchable concept. Relevant here are the notions that the intervention of management-oriented research is ‘necessary’ for the species to survive (Jonkel, 1970), and the notion that ‘’intelligent’’ conservation requires representative data, in turn legitimizing the methodological approaches wildlife biologists took, like tranquilizing polar bears, to provide such ‘direct access to nature’ (Schreiber, 2013 p.159). This claim to nature; a ‘’truthful’’ account of population numbers, distribution, movement, and evolutionary history of polar bears, of course, presupposed the position of the transcendent researcher as an objective and rational observer. This positioning played, and continues to play, an important part in the coloniality of western sciences, when it comes to the self-legitimization of western-sciences within polar bear co-management and monitoring (See for example Vongraven et al., 2018). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=1776&oldid=prev Saskia at 16:26, 3 January 2025 2025-01-03T16:26:12Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:26, 3 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to cut 1 </ins>link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to cut 1 </ins>link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=1595&oldid=prev Saskia at 12:18, 28 November 2024 2024-11-28T12:18:32Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:18, 28 November 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing Conversations|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Saskia https://knowledgelandscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Science_based_conservation&diff=1594&oldid=prev Saskia at 12:18, 28 November 2024 2024-11-28T12:18:02Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:18, 28 November 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conversations</del>.|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="4" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Ongoing <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Conversations</ins>.|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder and call Gjoa Haven's HTA]]</span></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span class="return link" data-page-title=" Voices_of_Thunder " data-section-id="14" data-encounter-type="return">[[Voices of Thunder#Response-ability|Return to Cut 1: Voices of Thunder Testimonial Reading]]</span></div></td></tr> </table>

Saskia